The Theory Of The Mind Body Dualism - 1232 Words

Renà © Descartes was a French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher of the 16th Century, who, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"was one of the first to abandon scholastic Aristotelianism and created the first version of the modern mind-body dualism or emotion† (Encyclopedia Britannica). Born on March 31, 1596, he was dubbed as the Father of Modern Philosophy. His theory on the mind-body dualism, also known as Cartesian Dualism, created a stem of the modern problem of the relationship between the mind and body. He created the early version to further explain the interaction of the mind and body, to create a firm foundation that can be explained through science and to prove the existence and goodness of God, and how the soul could be immortal. Along with that, he mentioned that the mind is different from the body. One of the basic thesis of his Cartesian Dualism is that â€Å"a mental substance cannot have a physical form, and that said physical form cannot have experiences†, for the mind and body cannot function without the other (Chin-Tai Kim 337). In his Cartesian Dualism, Renà © Descartes believes â€Å"that every human being possesses a body and mind† (Nath 1). Though, there are some philosophers who might have agreed, disagreed or criticized about his theory. Philosophers such as Gilbert Ryle, critiqued about the Descartes’ Cartesian Dualism, for he believes that the principle of Descartes’ Dualism theory is not valid enough and full of problems. He called Descartes’sShow MoreRelatedDescartes Dualism And The Mind Body Theory1322 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes’ Dualism Rene Descartes dualism states that the mind and body are separate entities. The mind is a nonphysical, non-spatial substance; the mind and brain are separate existences, the brain is a part of the physical body and serves as a connection between the body and mind. Dualism is a hot topic of argument on whether the theory holds any validity or if it holds any truth. However, Cartesian dualism is a credible theory and has a lot of support to verify it. One major point in DescartesRead MoreIs Dualism Best? The Nature Of Consciousness? Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesStudent ID Number: 00180694 November 2rd, 2016 Philosophy 101: Introduction to Philosophy Professor Bayne Dualism Best Explains the Nature of Consciousness The three theories we have discussed so far are the dualism theory of Plato and Descartes, the Aristotelian theory, and the Physicalism (identity) theory of Place and Strong. The identity of consciousness means that if you have the same consciousness, you are the same person, and if not conscience, you are not the same person. The thing thatRead MoreI, Myself, And My Body1222 Words   |  5 Pagesand My Body The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. For years, philosophers have been perplexed by the mind-body problem. The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. The mind-body problem discusses the mind and body, along with the relationship between them. Dualists and monists are the two types of people that take a stand on the issue. While Dualism may spilt mind and body, monismRead MoreWhat are the strengths and weaknesses of dualism and monism?1569 Words   |  7 PagesDualism and monism is a famous philosophy topic from ancient to now. The word Dualism means that our physical and our mental are independent. And our body and our mind cannot be the same. It is because of mind and body is two separate substances. In the contract, the monism means that both of the physical and mental are combined being one. And our mind and body are indivisible and are each influenced by the other. The monism and dualism individually has its strengths and weaknesses. The mindRead MoreRene Descartes Concept Of Dualism And Then Defend My Preferred Alternative Among The Options Paul M. Churchland1513 Words   |  7 Pagesmerits and challenges of Renà © Descartes’ concept of dualism and then defend my preferred alternative among the options Paul M. Churchland discusses. After briefly defining Cartesian Dualism, I will show that its principal merits are that it is consistent with common sense and that it is able to explain phenomena that appear mental in nature. Next, I will show that its principal challenges are its failure to adequately explain how the mind and the body can causally interact, and its failure to respondRead MoreThe Concept of Dualism Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesmachinequot; form of substance dualism best solves the mind body problem. My views in this area have been influenced by my twelve years of Catholic education. The soul, or mind, depending on your level of belief, was a complete and separate entity and was the center of a human being. The body was an ambulatory device that the soul directed. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independent of the physical body is the central point of substance dualism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Read MoreIs The Mind Body Problem?1219 Words   |  5 Pagesof their main issues faced in philosophy is the mind-body problem, and philosophers are still trying to solve this predicament to this day. The mind-brain problem is trying better to understand whether a person’s mental processes are the same as their physical processes. As of today, philosophy has broken the problem into two fundamental parts that has been split down into separate subparts. Personally, I find it easier to believe in substance dualism, because of how I perceive the idea. This howeverRead MoreFor Years, Philosophers Have Debated The Mind-Body Problem,1195 Words   |  5 PagesFor years, philosophers have debated the mind-body problem, the issue of what mental phenomena are and how they relate to the physical world. Philosopher Descartes believed in substance dualism, the belief that the mind and the body are two different things. In this essay, I will examine Descartesâ€℠¢ substance dualism theory. First, I will review Descartes’s theory and reasons that support it. Then, I will review objections with Descartes’s argument. After that, I will imagine how Descartes would respondRead MoreThe Mind / Brain Identity Theory1718 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences. The former is associated with one having a (non-physical) mind, which contains beliefs, desires, feelings and so on, while the latter involves having a (physical) brain. The Mind/Body problem questions whether the mind and brain are the same or different objects. For a long time, the interpretation of these experiences has been much debated by philosophers and scientists. One influential interpretation is Descartes’s Dualism of substances, which became one of the most lasting legacies in hisRead MoreRealism : Reality And Dualism1340 Words   |  6 PagesTeena Lin PHI 1500 Fall 2017 Final Paper Reality is Dualism There are currently four major theories about the nature of reality and substance— materialism/physicalism, idealism, transcendental idealism, and dualism. Materialism is the theory that there is only the physical and material world. Idealism takes the position that reality is made up of ideas and immaterial. Transcendental idealism holds the idea that our experience of things are shaped by how they appear to us and not by what they are

The goal of an architect is to design accordingly to the...

The goal of an architect is to design accordingly to the time with an understanding of the relationship between space and activity. In his essay Space and Events, Bernard Tschumi says, â€Å"There is no space without even, no architecture without program.† He then continues with, â€Å"Architecture cannot be dissociated from the events that ‘happen’ in it† (Tschumi, 139). Spaces have always been assimilated with past references, which create a type of familiarization and attachment to the past that prevents time from moving forward. Because of this assumption about the form, function, and meaning; thus architecture has been restricted by these familiarization and these assumptions. The history of architecture has been a history of styles. Through†¦show more content†¦Even though geographical diversity and intellectual pluralism has characterized architecture, it â€Å"does not mean that the attempt at discerning broader patterns and longer lines of development should be abandoned† (Curtis, 657). As time proceeds, styles and ideas change, and new paradigms arise, crystalizing the underlying concerns of that period. â€Å"In the inner recesses of the mind time is telescoped;† deriving from inspiration from the past while also considering the significance of modern space, old and new idea are combined resulting in new unexpected re sults (657). For example in the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, Foster abandons the usual notion of stacked floors around a central core and exploded open it to accommodate a vertical atrium at the center which provided a new vision of the work space (659). Another example is how Toyo Ito suggests that â€Å"the skin of a building might be thought of as a screen upon various lights and shadows are projected† (668).This followed Tschumi’s idea of â€Å"manipulation of the known with its implicit mannerism,† which is using things and simultaneously disbelieving in them (666). While understanding of the relationship between space and event, the architect must also design accordingly to the time. The influence of phenomenology creates a familiarization toShow MoreRelatedCommunity Architecture : Architecture And Architecture1695 Words   |  7 Pages What is ‘Community Architecture’? The ‘Community Architecture’ is kind of architectural practice between architects and users. Also, it can be described as architect follow the wish of users or community to design the building fit the requirement by using local materials and helps the residents to build the structure. Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) described ‘Community Architecture’ should follow the idea about The aim of community architecture is to improve the quality of the environmentRead MoreArchitecture And Design Of Architecture1753 Words   |  8 PagesArchitecture An architect plans, designs and construct structures. Architects can design many things like a shopping mall, a library, skyscrapers, and so much more. Architecture is a very interesting career that I would like to learn more about. I will be discussing why I chose to research this career and the different types of architects there are, the average annual salary an architect makes, what they do on a daily bases, how much education you need to be an architect, and the pros and cons aboutRead MoreArchitecture Vs. Buildings Architecture Essay884 Words   |  4 PagesArchitecture vs. Buildings When I read the book Seven Lamps of Architecture, John Ruskin opened my mind to the idea that a â€Å"building does not become architecture merely by the stability of what it erects†. Architecture is more than just a mere building. â€Å"Architecture is the art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by man, for whatsoever uses, that the sight of them may contribute to his mental health, power, and pleasure.† (John Ruskin) Even though all architectures is buildings notRead MoreCommunity Architecture And Cultural Architecture2046 Words   |  9 Pages‘community architecture’ was not new, and it is related to our life. In relation to western and non-western architecture to analysis ‘community architecture’ has a huge difference. For relatively affluent Western countries, the spirit of ‘community building‘ will be how to build a better environment and conditions to make residents feel comfortable, but for non-Western coun tries, ‘community architecture’ often represents public buildings. This dissertation will discuss what is ‘community architecture’, whyRead MoreGothic Architecture : Architecture And Architecture906 Words   |  4 Pagesvery little to do with the architecture that was predominantly used from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. In fact the term â€Å"Gothic† was coined by Renaissance Italians as a derogatory term referring to the Goths or Visigoths who were vanquished by Clovis in the sixth century and left no monumental trace of their invasion and therefore had no influence on what is now remembered as Gothic architecture. Despite the negative connotation behind this style of architecture, it has had an enormous impactRead MoreThe Importance Of Architecture1512 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, architecture is much more than just the design of buildings and houses. It is a vital part of the construction process, which is a main component of the Gro ss Domestic Product, and can effect or be effected by local or national economies. Its importance is undervalued in the workforce, and its effect on the economy is underrated. Architecture is effected by the amount of raw materials, and the willingness of people to spend money on new developments or buildings. Architecture affectsRead MoreThe Architecture in Brazil1418 Words   |  6 Pages The architecture in Brazil is amongst the worlds most progressive and multicultural construction, creating a visual melting pot. The diversity and multicultural ideas resonate within the architectural designs of each specific architect designing in the country. Brazilians have vastly different architectural styles that are unique to their culture, especially modern styled buildings, utilizing cultural aspects from a mixed background. There are plenty of examples of various architects, fromRead MoreArchitecture : Online Architecture858 Words   |  4 PagesIn a traditional three-tier arch itecture is a client-server architecture in a company data center which consists of presentation tier, business logic tier and data tier. Each tier is developed and maintained as an independent tier. Presentation Tier: The Top-most level of the application is the user interface. The main function of the interface is to translate tasks and results to something the user can understand. In simple term, it is a layer which user can access directly such as web-based applicationRead MoreThe Profession of Architecture2117 Words   |  9 PagesWrite an argumentative essay of at least 2000 words on an issue related to the role of the profession of Architecture or Interior Architects The role in architecture in order to combat the possibility of natural disasters is varied when it comes to rebuilding and housing before, after and during the natural disasters. Their essential knowledge and invaluable skills about, building materials, design and attention to detail is imperative in the prevention of damage to buildings. However, unlessRead MoreThe Psychology of Architecture Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesArchitecture is a fascinating business that encompasses the art and science of designing with the construction of buildings. An architect designs all kind of buildings, such as schools, churches, houses, restaurants, and more. This profession has been around since the 1st century CE when Vitruvius, a Roman architect, called it De architectura. Architects have to have a wide range of knowledge. For example they need to have good communications skill, so they can take the information of what a client

Study Guide, Principles of Marketing Free Essays

Module Study Guide Taylor’s University Undergraduate Business Programs BUS2304 Principles of Marketing August Semester 2012 BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 1 TUTORIAL 1: INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Module Information Booklet will be discussed and explained in detail Form Groups Tutorial exercises – Introducing the basics concepts of marketing LEARNING OUTCOMES ? ? ? Understand key marketing concepts and marketing management philosophies used in marketing planning Understand the importance of marketing in business practices Understand the concept of the marketing experience Discussion questions 1. What is the most amazing marketing experience you have ever had? ? Was it an individual employee or a business processes? ? Describe a situation in which you became a â€Å"lost customer†. Was it because of poor product quality, poor service quality or both? Using the concept of â€Å"consumer need† to identify markets: What is National Express’s ‘product’? What market (need) does it serve? Who are their direct competitors? What are the potential substitutes? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 2 What is their ‘product’? What markets do they serve? Who are their competitors? What new markets might they exploit? Journal Article: Theodore Levitt’s Marketing Myopia (1960) Students to understand the concept of ‘marketing myopia’ and the dangers that defining their products and markets too narrowly might pose for an organization. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide, Principles of Marketing or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is Cellular One selling? What marketing management philosophy do you see in evidence? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 3 Is there anything that can’t — or shouldn’t — be marketed? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 4 TUTORIAL 2: MARKETING ENVIRONMENT CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Group activity Discussion questions LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? Explain how changes in the marketing environment can effect marketing activities Identify the different micro environmental factors Identify the different macro environmental factors TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions 1. What are some of the cultural differences that you have observed when you lived or travelled abroad? ? What were some of the similarities/ differences that you observed? To what extent should cultural differences be considered in international marketing? 2. Imagine a company that is considering changing its product line to become more environmentally friendly, which might increase costs. Use the six major forces of the macroenvironment and list pros and cons that the company should take into consideration before making its final decision. Group Activity In a group – Bring broadsheet newspapers. Mark/highlight articles relating to Mac ro and Micro environment. Explain. Refer to examples shown by your tutor. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 5 TUTORIAL 3: CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 1 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Discussion Questions Group activity LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? ? Identify the different characteristics that influence consumer behavior Differentiate the different types of buying behavior Identify the different stages in a buyer decisions process and apply different marketing strategies to stimulate interest / purchase in these stages Identify the different macro environmental factors TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions Could KFC use this ad outside Asia? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 6 Group Activity Activity 1 Examine Maslow’s 5 stage Hierarchy of needs model. Go through the advertisements in your national and local newspapers, magazines etc to see if you can identify and collect at least one advertisement which focuses on each of those stages, from physiological (biogenic) through to self actualization (psychogenic). Also consider TV channels and websites. Print out examples if you can. Activity 2 Consider two purchases you have made recently e. g. soft drink (limited problem solving) and a car, holiday, computer or a degree course. (extended or involved problem solving). Examine in each case how the decision making process model outlined above may have differed. Here you may consider giving particular attention to the evoked set and post cognitive dissonance. Does your experience differ from the accepted theory? If so why do you think this may be? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 7 TUTORIAL 4: CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR 2 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Discussion Questions Group activity LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? Identify the different characteristics that influence consumer behavior Differentiate the different types of buying behavior Identify the different stages in a buyer decisions process and apply different marketing strategies to stimulate interest / purchase in these stages Identify the different macro environmental factors TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions 1. Would the marketers at Mercedes be pleased if the coach of a sporting team or the head teacher at a primary school purchased an A-Class? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 8 Group Activity Social grade classification The UK Office of National Statistics (ONS) produced a new socio-economic classification in 2001. The reason was to provide a more comprehensive and detailed classification to take newer employment patterns into account. Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Description Higher Professional and Managerial workers Lower Managerial and Professional workers Intermediate occupations Lower Supervisory and technical Semi Routine Occupations Routine Occupations Long term unemployed A B Grade C1 and C2 C1 and C2 D D E Small Employers and non professional self-employed C1 and C2 Many commercial market research programmes have found significant differences in buying behaviour between the various social grades. The Market Research Society argues that this system can be justified as it is easy to research and that the social grade appears to be a reasonably good discriminator in many product markets profiled in MINTEL reports. Social grade reflects lifestyle patterns and is used widely by advertisers while profiling consumers. Questions a. To what extent do you think that social class is a helpful concept in improving the marketer’s understanding of consumer behaviour. . What do you the major criticisms to the social grade system are? c. Consider the following occupations and allocate a social grade to them: i. Student ii. Chartered Accountant iii. Bricklayer with City Council iv. A backpacker v. A retired pensioner on state benefits vi. A High Court Judge BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 9 vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. A self employed plumber. Teacher aged 23 (qualified) Teacher aged 32 (qualified) Retired employee, company pension Shop Assistant Unemployed farm worker BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 10 TUTORIAL 5: SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Watch the video â€Å"LoReal Percier† Discuss questions Mini case discussion LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? Identify the different bases for segmenting consumers and business markets. Evaluate market segments, select market segments and choose market coverage strategies TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Discussion questions 1. What is the basic rationale for segmentation? 2. What are some of the common variables used to segment a market? 3. What are the requirements for effective segmentation? 4. What is the difference between segmentation and targeting? Group Discussion Market segmentation is built around identifying differences in needs between different groups of customers. How could a bank segment its consumer market? BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 11 Video: L’Oreal Watch the L’Oreal Percier video a) Who is the target market for the product? b) What bases for segmentation has L’Oreal used? (Consider the importance of geographic, demographic, behavioral and psychographic) Read Tasty Bite: Coming to America (Textbook page 133) Discuss the segmentation, targeting and positioning steps that Tasty Bite has taken in entering the US market. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 12 TUTORIAL 6: PRODUCT AND SERVICES STRATEGY 1 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Identifying slogans for brands Group activity Mini case LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? Identify different product / services and their classifications Recognize the importance of branding, packaging and labeling a product Suggest product line and product mix strategies for product / service TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES . Brand Association Slogans. Identify the brand name for each of the following slogan/phrase. How many slogans/phrases did you identify? 2. Brand 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Slogan Impossible is Nothing The world’s local bank It’s the real thing The world leader in oral care. The most powerful alkaline battery in the world. Take power to the next level. Share moments. Share life. Because I’m worth it. Awaken your senses. Connecting people. The choice of a new generation. There are some things money can’t buy. For everything else, there’s [product name]. Don’t leave home without it The ultimate driving machine The happiest place on earth Put a tiger in your tank The power of dreams Page 13 BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING 18 19 20 Melts in your mouth, not in your hands Just do it Give me a break! Read Pepsi Sakes bubble with limited edition soft drinks (Textbook page 334) Read case 11. 2 (Textbook page 334) and answer the discussion questions. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 14 TUTORIAL 7: PRODUCT AND SERVICES STRATEGY 2 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Group activity Case Study – New Belgium Brews up strong brand equity LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? Identify different product / services and their classifications Recognize the importance of branding, packaging and labeling a product Suggest product line and product mix strategies for product / service TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. Group Activity – Who am I? a. Select a product category –mobile phones, computers, cars etc. b. Brainstorm and list all competing brands within that category. c. Each group is allocated a brand and brands must be highly differentiated. d. Each group must humanise their brand: Am I female or male? How old am I? What level am I educated to? What colour is my hair? Do I have hair? What is my nationality? What is my occupation? Do I work? What type of clothes do I wear? Where do I go on holidays? What are my hobbies? Am I married or single? Do I have children? What type of car do I drive? Do I have a car? Do I own a house/flat? Where do I live? e. Each group to present their brand personality back to the class. 2. Read case 13. 1 (Textbook page 390) and answer the discussion questions. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 15 TUTORIAL 8: PRICING STRATEGIES CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Case study Discuss questions Presenting and defending pricing decisions LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? Recognize the importance of importance of considering internal and external factors when setting final price for products/services Identify the different pricing strategies Know the format of the examination and have a guide to revising and preparing for the examination. TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. Read the Case study â€Å"Plug Sons†. 2. In your group discuss your strategy. 3. Each group is to present and defend their strategy and challenge others to draw attention to: ? ? ? The importance of defining the target market and positioning – who’s going to buy this and why? This is a decision that the students will have to make, as no target market has been identified. The tendency of marketers to compete on value rather than price. Marketers usually try and charge as much as possible for products The way theory such as customer price dynamics can be used to structure and analyse and build a coherent argument BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 16 TUTORIAL 9: DISTRIBUTION STRATEGIES CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? ? Read the case â€Å"Dell Direct and not so Direct† Discussion Questions Discussing FedEx based on www. fedex. com LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? ? Recognize the importance of marketing channels in marketing activities Explain the different levels in a marketing channel Explain the main considerations in a marketing channel Discuss the different ways in managing channel members TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Activity 1 Visit www. fedex. com Many companies lack their own distribution systems. firms in this situation may rely upon the service provided by companies such as FedEx to handle their distribution. 1. What tools does FedEx provide to make shipping process easier? 2. Other than shipping products, what other services does FedEx provide? 3. Is there information on FedEx website that would help a potential FedEx customer to evaluate FedEx regarding some of the selection criteria shown in Table 14. 3 in the textbook? Activity 2 Dell Direct and not so Direct Read case 14. 2 on page 342 and answer discussion questions 1, 2 and 3. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 17 TUTORIAL 10: PROMOTION STRATEGIES 1 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? ? Video â€Å"Mercedes Benz† Case study – At Southwesr airlines, â€Å"We Love Your Bags† Discussion Questions LEARNING OUTCOME: ? Recognize the difference between conventional promotional practices and the IMC concept Recognize the growth and importance of the IMC concept TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Video Mercedes Benz. Watch the two videos on Mercedes Benz. 1. What is the objective that Mercedes is trying to achieve? 2. What appeals have they used in their advertising strategy? 3. Discuss the advantages and disadvan tages of using such a strategy. At Southwest Airlines, â€Å"We Love Your Bags† Case 16. 2 , Text book page 500. Answer discussion question 1 to 3. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 18 TUTORIAL 11: PROMOTION STRATEGIES 2 CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? Watch video â€Å"Earth Hour† Discussion LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? Recognize the difference between conventional promotional practices and the IMC concept Recognize the growth and importance of the IMC concept TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. Watch the different videos of Earth Hour. 2. Based on the different videos you have watched, what are the different types of promotion being used for the campaign? 3. Who is one target audience for Earth Hour? Based on the target group you have defined, select one product that caters to this segment that participated in Earth Hour? 4. Do profit and non-profit organizations use the same promotional tools? Give examples. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 19 TUTORIAL 12: SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND MARKETING ETHICS CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Case â€Å"At Timberland , Doing Well and Doing Good are Laced together† Discuss questions LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? ? To understand the concept and dimensions of social responsibility To define and describe the importance of marketing ethics To understand the role of social responsibility and ethics in improving marketing performance TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES 1. What is social responsibility? Why is it important? 2. What are some social responsibility issues? Give an example of each. 3. What is the difference between ethics and social responsibility? 4. Read Strategic Case 8 – At Timberland, Doing Well and Doing Good are Laced Together. Answer questions 1 to 4. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 20 TUTORIAL 13: ONLINE FORUM AND DISCUSSION – EXAMINATION FORMAT CLASS ACTIVITIES: ? ? Online forum and discussion E-Learning week LEARNING OUTCOME: ? ? Know the format of the examination and have a guide to revising and preparing for the examination. Discuss different techniques for answering examination questions TUTORIAL ACTIVITIES Students’ participate online in a forum and discussion. BUS2304 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Page 21 How to cite Study Guide, Principles of Marketing, Essay examples

Nuclear Energy (2938 words) Essay Example For Students

Nuclear Energy (2938 words) Essay Nuclear EnergyLet American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out of Debt!Nuclear EnergyYou are watching the control panels andgages for rector two. Sitting comely you think about how easy your jobis. It is a joke! All day you sit around and watch the gages for reactornumber two just to make sure they maintain their settings. You dont evenneed to look at the gages either because a computer automatically regulatesthem without you. Life is so good. Suddenly all the sirens go of and thegages and displays spin wildly in every direction. The ground shakes andyou can hear the sound of a deep rumble. Unknown to you, the reactorscooling pumps have failed to cool the reactors core and in 3 seconds thetemperature went from 280 degrees centigrade to 4,000 degrees centigrade. The water that was in the reactor is instantly turned to steam which createstremendous amount of pressure in the reactor core. Above the reactor corethere is a 5 foot thick lead plate and above that there is a meter thickfloor composed of iron, barium, serpentine, concrete, and stone. The explodingsteam fires the floor up like shrapnel. The metal plate goes through thefour foot thick concrete roof like butter and reaches and altitude of sixtymeters. You can hear ripping, rending, wrenching, screeching, scraping,tearing sounds of a vast machine breaking apart. L. Ray Silver, a leadingauthor who covered the disaster at Chernobyl, said that within the core,steam reacts with zirconium to produce that first explosive in naturesarsenal, hydrogen. Near-molten fuel fragments shatter nearly incandescentgraphite, torching chunks of it, exploding the hydrogen. The explosionbreaks every pipe in the building rocking it with such power that the buildingis split into sections (11-13). You look down at your body and notice thatit feels hot and your hands look different. Unknown to you a tremendousamount of neutrons are hitting your cells and taking chucks out of yourskin. Suddenly everything goes black. The paragraph above describes the sceneof what happened at Chernobyl nuclear plant a few years ago. From thattime until the present many other smaller accidents have happened. Fromthese accidents many people have died and millions have been indirectlyaffected. Nuclear energy has far to many negative problems than advantages. From the mining of uranium to disposal of nuclear waist there are problemsof such magnitude that no scientist on this earth has an answer for. Nuclearenergy has so many problems associated to it that it should be banned fromthe earth. To understand the threat of nuclear energywe must first understand what happens in a nuclear reaction. Ann E. Weiss,who has written several books on the subject of nuclear energy, describedwhat happens inside a nuclear power plant. In a nuclear reaction the nucleiof its atoms split, producing energy in the form of heat. The heat makessteam which powers a turbine. Fission takes place in a nuclear reactor. The fuel used is pellets of uranium. In a modern reactor, half-inch longpellets of uranium are packed into 12 or 14 foot tubes made of an alloyof the metal zirconium. About 50,000 zircalloy fuel rods make up the reactioncore. To control a nuclear reaction control rods made of cadmium is usedwhich absorbs neutrons. With the control rods in place in the core, a chainreaction cannot begin. When the plant operators want to start the chainreaction they activate machinery that pulls the control rods away fromthe core. Once this is done a single free neutron is enough to set offthe reaction. As the reaction continues, a moderator slows the neutronsdown enough to ensure that they will continually split more uranium atoms. At the same time, the moderator acts as a coolant. It keep the overalltemperature about 300 degrees Celsius. Since the temperature at spots insidethe fuel rods may be as high as 1,100 degrees Celsius, enormous amountsof coolant are continually needed to keep the core temperature at the properlevel. When the plant must be must be shut down the control rods are loweredall the way back into the core. That brings the chain reaction to a standstill. The core cools, and steam is no longer produced (23-24). In all nuclearreactions use uranium and produce some plutonium. Since nuclear reactions produce a considerableamount of plutonium there are considerable hazards that come along withit. Nader and Abbotts, two men who have a great amount of experience inthe nuclear industry, comment that:Plutoniums major dangers include the factthat it is weapons-grade material, that it is highly toxic, and it is extremelylong-lasting: it will take 24,000 years for half of it to decay. In additionto the possibility that plutonium could contaminate the environment orthe population in an accident, there is also the danger that a terroristgroup could steal plutonium for the purposes of fashioning an illicit nuclearweapon. (63)Plutonium-239 is a man-made reactor by-productwhich emits highly energetic alpha particles. Even though alpha particlescan be stopped by a piece of paper that can be very dangerous to tissueif they are taken into the body by ingestion or inhalation. Expressingextreme concern over the issue of plutonium getting into the human bodyNader and Abbotts write:Experiments with dogs show that the inhalationof as little as three millionths of a gram of Pu-239 can cause lung cancer. John Gofman has reported that plutonium and other alpha-emitters, suchas curium and americium , when ina form that cannot readily be dissolved by body fluids, represent an inhalationhazard in a class some five orders of magnitude more potent,weight for weight, than potent chemical carcinogens. The fact that plutoniumhas a very long half-life, 24,000 years, makes it one of the deadliestelements known and one of the most difficult to manage. (78)The reason why plutonium is so dangerouswhen it gets into the lungs is because plutonium releases radiation toa small mass of the lung at a very short distance. This effect of radiationfrom plutonium giving a concentrated dose to one small area is much greaterthan if the same amount of radiation had been uniformly distributed throughoutthe lung. Another problem with plutonium is its toxicity. Plutonium isthe most toxic of all elements. Fred H. Knelman, who was a senior executiveon the nuclear control panel in Washington D.C., wrote, One pound of plutonium-239,distributed to the lungs of a large population, could cause between tenand fifteen million lung-cancer deaths (32). The Geology of The Massif Montgris EssayIn Grand Junction, five thousand houses, a school, a church, a supermarket,and a hospital were built on tailings, thus creating situations where peoplelive and work in buildings emitting radioactivity. (81)In towns that have been built on mill tailingsthere is a great increase in health related costs because of an increasein cancers and radiation induced diseases. Corinne Browne and Robert Munroego comment on the effects of living in an environment that has radiation. In the early 1970s, a pediatrician in GrandJunction noticed an abnormally large number of children being born withcleft lips and cleft palates. A study showed that there was a far higherincidence of leukemia, hydroencephalitis, and subtle birth defects in theGrand Junction area than in surrounding counties. (81)A person could then conclude that the nuclearindustry is mostly to blame for the nation wide increase of cancers anddeaths. Is the nuclear industry really benefitting the nation or is itjust making the world into a radioactive dump which takes thousands ofyears to clean up?One last major problem with nuclear energythat needs to be touched on is the storage of nuclear waste. Nuclear wasteincludes all contaminated parts that have had contact with any source ofnuclear energy and all products of a nuclear reaction that was discussedat the beginning of the paper. There are several problems that relate tothe storage of nuclear energy. At a nuclear storage facility, there aresecurity officers, technicians, scientists, and regular staff which makesure the facility is safe. In the paper, Uranium: Its Uses and Hazards,it states the half-life of some radioactive isotopes. Uranium-238 whichhas a half-life of 4.46 billion years and that uranium-235 which has ahalf-life of 704 million years represent most of nuclear waste stored atnuclear waist facilities. (1) This means that people will have to be monitoringthese facilities for about ten billion years. Fred H. Knelman is very concernedabout the time and man power required to run these storage facilities. Knelman wrote :There must always be intelligent peoplearound to cope with eventualities we have not thought of.Reactor safety,waste disposal, and the transport of radioactive materials are complexmatters about which little can be said with absolute certainty. Is mankindprepared to exert the eternal vigilance needed to ensure proper and safeoperation of its nuclear system? (39)The searching for proper storage facilitiesand places has always been one of the top priorities of the nuclear industry. The problem is that no one wants a nuclear waste facility in there backyard. Literally billions of dollars has been spent just on looking forplaces to store nuclear waste. Nuclear energy has many short term benefitsbut many more short term and long term problems. If anyone of the lethalpotential problems develop and get out of control than the world is inserious trouble. Can the world afford to be dancing with death? Just thinkif a nuclear plant exploded because of a terrorist attack how our liveswould be changed forever. Are we unselfish enough live without a few comfortsnow so that our children can have a brighter future? A nuclear disasteris the worst thing that can happen to this planet because it threatensthe whole future of the human race. Nuclear energy is not worth the risk. The problem of nuclear energy such as terrorism, plutonium production,uranium mill tailings, and waste storage problems make nuclear energy toorisky for humans to even experiment with. Nuclear energy holds our futurein a tight grip so we must do something about it. Works CitedCorinne Brown, and Robert Munroe. TimeBomb, Understanding the Treat of Nuclear Power. New York: William Morrow Company, Inc, 1981Knelman, Fred H. Nuclear Energy The UnforgivingTechnology. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1976. Mitchell, Christopher K. Nuclear Terrorism.14 Nov. 1996 Available : http://www.nucl.com/terror.html. Nuclear Waste: The Big Picture. 10 Nov. 1996. Available: http://www.sfo.com/~rherried/waste.html. Portzline, Scott D. Nuclear Terrorism.10 Nov. 1996. Available: http://www.nci.com/terrorism.html. Ralph Nader, and John Abbotts. The Menaceof Atomic Energy. New York: W.W. Norton Company Inc, 1977. Silver, L. Ray. Fallout From Chernobyl. Toronto: Deneau Publishers Company LTD, 1987. The Problem. 10 Nov. 1996. Available:http://www.wideopen.igc.org/nci/prob.htm. Uranium: Its Uses and Hazards. 20 Nov. 1996. Available : http://www.ieer.org/ieer/fctsheet/uranium.html. Weiss, Ann E. The Nuclear Question. NewYork: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1981.